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''Passy, Bridges of Paris'', also called ''Les ponts de Paris (Passy)'', or ''Paysage à Passy'', is a painting created in 1912 by the French artist, theorist and writer Albert Gleizes. The work was exhibited at the Salon de la Société Normande de Peinture Moderne, Rouen, 1912 (titled ''Passy''); the Salon de la Section d'Or, Galerie La Boétie, Paris, 1912 (titled ''Passy''); Manes Moderni Umeni, Vystava, Prague, 1914 (titled ''Paysage à Passy''); and Galerie Der Sturm, Berlin, July, 1914. ''Passy'' was one of a small group of works chosen to be reproduced in the seminal treatise ''Du "Cubisme"'', written by Albert Gleizes and Jean Metzinger in 1912 and published by Eugène Figuière the same year. Executed in a highly personal Cubist style with multiple viewpoints and planar faceting, this is one of a number of paintings from 1912-13 involving the theme of the bridge in an urban landscape. In opposition to classical perspective as a mode of representation, Gleizes employed a new spatial model based in part on the pictorial space of the mathematician Henri Poincaré. This painting, in the collection of the Museum Moderner Kunst (mumok),〔(Museum Moderner Kunst (mumok), Albert Gleizes, Les Ponts de Paris (Passy) )〕 Vienna, probably refers to the spirit of solidarity among the newly formed "Artists of Passy", during a time when factions had begun to develop within Cubism. ==Description== ''Passy (Bridges of Paris)'' is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 60.5 x 73.2 cm (23.8 by 28.8 inches), signed and dated ''Alb Gleizes, 1914'', lower left. The works represents an upscale ''cartier de Paris'' known as Passy located in the 16th arrondissement of Paris, one of the most wealthy districts of the French capital, and traditionally the home of well-known personalities, including Honoré de Balzac, Benjamin Franklin during the nine years that he lived in France, William Kissam Vanderbilt, and the artist Jacques-Emile Blanche. ''Les Artistes de Passy'' was a divers grouping of avant-garde artistes (painters, sculptors and poets), including several who previously held meetings in 1910 at the rue Visconti studio of Henri Le Fauconnier. Their first diner (''Premier dîner des Artistes de Passy'') presided over by Paul Fort was held at the house of Balzac, rue Raynouard, in the presence of Guillaume Apollinaire, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Marie Laurencin, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger, André Mare, Francis Picabia, Henry Valensi, and Jacques Villon.〔(''Cubisme, 1912", Archives, Grande Encyclopédie Larousse )〕 Albert Gleizes chose to Passy as the subject of this painting. Instead of depicting a bowl of fruit or a man playing a guitar under the influence of African art, Gleizes turns toward a non-Euclidean model of geometry as a source of inspiration for ''Passy''. This work signified the rejection of Euclidean geometry and its correlate; the quantitative measurement of spatial depth governing perspective invented during the Renaissance, an unquestioned principle of academic painting that had persisted to date.〔(Alex Mittelmann, ''State of the Modern Art World, The Essence of Cubism and its Evolution in Time'', 2011 )〕 Vanishing points have been abolished. A perspectival grid is gone. Forms are not clearly delineated. Colors are synthetic and limited, not overpowering. Light and reflected light do not come from a consistent unidirectional source. There is no precisely clear relationship between structures (e.g., buildings, bridges) based on overlapping or on diminished scale with distance to show depth of field as objects recede from the foreground. Here Gleizes brakes all the rules. Perhaps for this reason ''Passy'' was chosen as an example of ''new painting'' for publication in their manifesto; ''Du "Cubisme"''.〔Mark Antliff, Patricia Dee Leighten, ''Cubism and Culture'', Thames & Hudson, 2001, Albert Gleizes, ''Passy (Ponts de Paris)'', reproduced Fig. 59〕〔(Peter Brooke, ''Albert Gleizes, Chronology of his life, 1881-1953'' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Passy, Bridges of Paris (Gleizes)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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